The geopolitics of rare earth elements
Ahmad Ghahreman, co-founder and CEO of Cyclic Materials, explains the geopolitical dominance of China in the rare earth element (REE) supply chain and the recent escalation of export controls. He details how China controls 90% of processing and 93% of magnet manufacturing, with a near-monopoly on heavy rare earths like dysprosium and terbium which are critical for high-temperature EV motors. Ghahreman discusses the timeline of Chinese restrictions, from banning technology exports in 2023 to recent controls on oxides, metals, and magnets, and argues that recycling end-of-life products offers a viable path to an ex-China supply chain.




