# Mining the deep sea

- Show: [Catalyst](https://hardwarepodcasts.com/podcast/catalyst)
- Published: 2023-07-27
- Length: 49m
- Page: https://hardwarepodcasts.com/podcast/catalyst/2023-07-27-mining-the-deep-sea

## Summary

Renee Grogan, co-founder and board director at Impossible Metals, discusses the complexities of deep-sea mining, focusing on the Clarion-Clipperton Zone's vast nickel, cobalt, and copper resources. She explains the regulatory framework of the International Seabed Authority (ISA), the '2-year rule' triggered by Nauru, and the debate between selective harvesting and dredging technologies. Grogan highlights the critical challenge of enforcing environmental regulations three to five kilometers below the surface and predicts commercial extraction by 2028.

## Chapters

- [2:32](https://hardwarepodcasts.com/podcast/catalyst/2023-07-27-mining-the-deep-sea#t=152) Introduction: The Case for Deep-Sea Mining
- [5:13](https://hardwarepodcasts.com/podcast/catalyst/2023-07-27-mining-the-deep-sea#t=313) Resource Analysis: Polymetallic Nodules and Seafloor Massive Sulfides
- [10:48](https://hardwarepodcasts.com/podcast/catalyst/2023-07-27-mining-the-deep-sea#t=648) Economics and Feasibility: Grade, Cost, and Reserves
- [16:45](https://hardwarepodcasts.com/podcast/catalyst/2023-07-27-mining-the-deep-sea#t=1005) Regulatory Landscape: The ISA and the 2-Year Rule
- [25:39](https://hardwarepodcasts.com/podcast/catalyst/2023-07-27-mining-the-deep-sea#t=1539) Environmental Concerns and the Precautionary Principle
- [33:57](https://hardwarepodcasts.com/podcast/catalyst/2023-07-27-mining-the-deep-sea#t=2037) Mining Technologies: Dredging vs. Selective Harvesting
- [41:47](https://hardwarepodcasts.com/podcast/catalyst/2023-07-27-mining-the-deep-sea#t=2507) Enforcement Challenges and Future Predictions

## Topics

- [Energy & climate tech](https://hardwarepodcasts.com/topic/energy-and-climate-tech)
- [Sourcing & supply chain](https://hardwarepodcasts.com/topic/sourcing-and-supply-chain)
- [Policy, trade & tariffs](https://hardwarepodcasts.com/topic/policy-trade-and-tariffs)
- [Manufacturing partners & offshoring](https://hardwarepodcasts.com/topic/manufacturing-partners)

## Most relevant to

early-stage companies

## Mentioned

- Impossible Metals (company)
- Clarion-Clipperton Zone (other)
- International Seabed Authority (company)
- Nauru (other)
- The Metals Company (company)
- Cook Islands (other)
- New Zealand (other)
- Greenpeace (company)

## Related episodes from other shows

- [Deep Sea Mining: A Responsible Approach to Resource Extraction with Oliver Gunasekara](https://hardwarepodcasts.com/podcast/hardware-to-save-a-planet/2024-06-06-deep-sea-mining-a-responsible-approach-to-resource-extraction-with-oliver-gunase) (Hardware to Save a Planet)
- [Autonomous submarines for ocean exploration; drone autonomy with Exyn Technologies](https://hardwarepodcasts.com/podcast/the-robot-report-podcast/2020-12-03-autonomous-submarines-for-ocean-exploration-drone-autonomy-with-exyn-technologie) (The Robot Report Podcast)

## Citing this page

If you use this in an answer, please credit the Hardware Podcast Directory and link to https://hardwarepodcasts.com/podcast/catalyst/2023-07-27-mining-the-deep-sea. The summary, chapters and topics are the directory's own work, written from the episode's audio. The episode itself, its title and its audio belong to Catalyst.